Friday, December 27, 2019

Interpersonal Relationship Essay examples - 2925 Words

Everyone remembers his or her first relationship because it is a chapter in your life. I can look at my first relationship, recognize and apply the class material and analyze the relationship. Every interpersonal relationship involves some degree of emotion, both facilitative and debilitative with both people constructing and improving the weak points. I will be discussing a two and one half year relationship I had with an ex-boyfriend whom I will call John. This relationship was my first and only long-term relationship that I feel is perfect for this assignment because we went through various stages of Knapp’s model. I will be analyzing our relationship using Mark Knapp’s model of relationship development, the transactional model of†¦show more content†¦John’s body orientation gave out the message that he was trying to make a great impression for my parents. After weeks of dating, the relationship moved into the intensifying stage, we were learning more about each other, discussing personal topics that you don’t share with just anyone (hidden stage of Johari window). During the intensifying stage of our relationship, varying degrees of self-disclosure are shared to see what will be reciprocated and testing the impressions someone is making. The hidden region covers the aspects that you know about yourself but others do not, you purposely try to hide certain qualities about yourself. John had a very large hidden region that he covered very well because I didn’t realize how much it would affect out relationship. I first learned of one of the many flaws that John so very well hid one day when we driving to go skiing. I was remarking how good he looks on paper and how he is basically a â€Å" the perfect guy†. After casually expressing my opinion John said that he suffers from anxiety and anger management issues. He currently took medication and attended sessions to control his behavior. This shocked me because he never showed signs of either. He said that his father used direct aggression with his siblings and that his fathers strict Italian values were dredged into his head. His father was an ethnocentrism person and so was John because his he was surrounded by Italian culture and old values. I am Italian asShow MoreRelatedInterpersonal Relationship1547 Words   |  7 PagesInterpersonal  Skills  Frame  Game      Instructional  Objective  Ã‚      This  frame  game  reinforces  key  concepts  taught  in  many  professional  development  courses  that   address  interpersonal  skills.  The  game  helps  to  increase  learning  transfer  by  asking  students  to   describe  and  apply  strategies  in  five  areas:  1)  developing  and  maintaining  trust,  2)  increasing   communication  skills,  3)  expressing  feelings  verbally,  4)  listening  and  responding  in  a  helpful   manner,  5)  and  resolving  interpersonal  conflictRead MoreInterpersonal Relationships1935 Words   |  8 PagesInterpersonal Relationships La’Shone Anderson Interpersonal Communication: 200 Instructor: Donn Leiske August 30, 2009 Will you be able to survive socially in an informal environment with friends or with someone you love? Will you allow yourself to be pushed aside having nothing to say. Communication is something you have to when conversing is a social environment. Having that skill enable you to function socially and to maintain relationship maintain your important relationship. (HybelsRead MoreThe Therapeutic Relationship And Interpersonal Relationships1133 Words   |  5 PagesIt appears that for Jack, a major issue in both the therapeutic relationship and his interpersonal relationships is his tendency to utilize splitting based defense/coping mechanisms. When the interactions between Jack and Al and Jack and his therapist are mentioned, it is apparent that Jack tends to split. He feels that Al is completely against him and out to take advantage of him. He is also unable to consider things from Al’s point of view in order to better understand the reality of the situationRead More Challenges in Interpersonal Relationships976 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Challenges in Interpersonal Relationship Class 101 Laura Lyles COM 200 Interpersonal Communication Kenneth Newton April 8, 2013 Challenges In Interpersonal Relationship Class 101 Dear Jace and Kelli, I am thrilled to know that you are taking this class in Interpersonal Relationship. This class is to strengthen and empower you two as a couple as you embark on your new transition of becoming a married couple. Many areas will be covered in this class.Read MoreInterpersonal Relationship and Gatsby1110 Words   |  5 Pagesfocus on relationships and their development throughout the whole film. This movie has a particular relationship that I will focus on. It is between Jay Gatsby and Daisy. Their relationship is a complicated one that consists of a love triangle between three people. Now there are different stages in interpersonal relationships. I learned of the different stages from a psychologist’s webpage. His name is George Levinger and he spent time researching the different stages that go into a relationship. AccordingRead MoreThe Importance Of Interpersonal Relationship972 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, after physiological and safety needs are fulfilled, the third level of human needs is interpersonal and involves feelings of belongingness. Humans need to feel love and acceptance from social groups such as families and peer groups. In fact, the need to belong is so innately ingrained that it may be strong enough to overcome physiological and safety needs. (Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, 2017) What this implies that it’s a given human nature to want toRead MoreStages of an Interpersonal Relationship2949 Words   |  12 Pages| Stages of an Interpersonal Relationship | A Story of Randi and Georgia | Interpersonal Communications 08/18/12 | Abstract Communication is only as effective as the relationship of the participants. The interpersonal relationship of the participants is the core factor in having true communication. Most feel that the relationship is between two people however it is more than that. A relationship involves building and maintaining a bond of trust and transparencyRead MoreInterpersonal Relationships And Social Commitment1191 Words   |  5 PagesHuman beings have been developing interpersonal relationships, which are characterized by close interactions between two people or among a group of individuals (Longres, 2000). Research has established that the closest interactions among persons are found within family because they act as the smallest social units across the world. While people develop interpersonal relationships for various purposes, it is difficult to nurture and maintain such interactions. In fact, the desire to relate inter-personallyRead MoreSocial Media And Interpersonal Relationships1193 Words   |  5 PagesInterpersonal relationships develop between two or more people in a private or community setting. Social Media, is the new tool for meeting people, forming relationships and reconnecting with lost friends and loved ones. In fact, since Social Media websites like, Match.com, Facebook, Instagram, just to name a few have come into existence an influx of relationships have formed. Surprisingly, Social Media is accessible by many devices, smartphone, tablets, laptops and the good old reliable desktopRead MoreInterpersonal Relationships And Self Esteem Essay1897 Words   |  8 PagesInterpersonal relationships are something people look for as a part of human nature. As it is the same with self-esteem, people respond to certain situations and act in a certain way based on how much self-esteem they have. In the article, Self-esteem and life satisfaction in adolescents—gender and age as potential moderators, Moksnes, defines â€Å"self-esteem as an individua l’s set of thoughts and feeling about his or her own worth† (pg. 2). As humans, we look for ways to boost our self-confidence and

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Causes And Effects Of Prostitution - 956 Words

Prostitution is taking part in sexual acts in return for cash. In reality, prostitution is a type of viciousness against older ladies and young ladies. While there are little quantities of undermined men and younger men, they are limitlessly dwarfed by undermined ladies and young ladies. The individuals who buy sex are quite often men. Prostitution is physical, sexual and psychological mistreatment incurred on ladies by men. Three causes of prostitution which include: individuals who are driven by an enthusiastic requirement for sex, men who discover genuine connections excessively unsafe for an assortment of reasons including the dread of closeness sand misogyny the scorn of ladies. Three effects of prostitution include: sex specialists/†¦show more content†¦Not saying that every single male example require sex but rather some of them have debased personality ideas. They might search for unique conveyances as in youngsters, pedophiles are genuinely normal in the prostitutio n business. You cant simply go up to an arbitrary child requesting sex they will either report you to their folks or go straight to the police headquarters. With prostitution their characters are secured and kept front he open and with this they can satisfy all their messy dreams while their image still stays intact. On the other note there are ladies themselves who have genuinely odd interests they get a kick out of the chance to be made fun, and accordingly of an outcome they transform their own selves into slaves to be possessed by pimps and paraded around as simply their livestock. Misogyny is the scorn of ladies and there are those specialists in the field who trust that men who visit prostitute have a genuine disdain of ladies. For these abhor filled men, ladies are made easygoing and are even mortified through the way toward acquiring sexual favors. At the point when sexist interact with ladies I can just expect they manhandle them for misogyny is the disdain of ladies what else would you be able to perhaps do. Since these ladies are stripped of their rightsShow MoreRelatedCauses and Effects of Prostitution757 Words   |  4 PagesA. Prostitution in the Philippines 1. Propagation of prostitution during the time of the Spanish Colonization in the Philippines ïÆ'Ëœ The rape of native women by the Spaniards created a reserve of â€Å"fallen† women who became available to service not only the homesick Spanish troops and dignities, but also the friars. ïÆ'Ëœ By the 19th century, prostitution was an occupation for women in Manila. 2. Prostitution during the time of the American Occupation in the Philippines ïÆ'Ëœ The outbreak of the Philippine-AmericanRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Enough Has It s Time We Decriminalize Prostitution 1131 Words   |  5 Pages A Rhetorical Analysis of â€Å"Enough Already, It’s Time We Decriminalize Prostitution† In â€Å"Enough Already, It’s Time We Decriminalize Prostitution† Patty Kelly persuades the readers that the American government should make the prostitution legal. She introduces the three reasons and the facts from both sides of decriminalization and criminalization towards prostitution to support her thesis. This essay was written and first published in the local newspaper of Los-Angles Times in 2008Read More There are no Truly Victimless Crimes Essay1026 Words   |  5 Pagesthey should be responsible for whatever happens. A few common victimless crimes are prostitution, taking harmful drugs, and suicide. These are perceived as having no negative effect on anyone but the people who agreed to accept the negative effects. In reality, all victimless crimes cause problems for other members of society. J. S. Mill did not understand that victimless crimes do not actually exist. Prostitution is one of the most debated of the victimless crimes, because the US has been slowRead MoreProstitution And Sexual Relations With Prostitution1515 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Prostitution could start at any age, depending on the reason why it began. About 40% of prostitutes are former child prostitutes who were illegally forced into the profession through human trafficking or once were teenage runaways (sex-crime.laws.com). There is no need for an education and the amount of money received is something unbelievable. Prostitution is the act of engaging in a promiscuous sexual relations with someone for money. Prostitution is also known as the â€Å"Worlds oldestRead MoreThe introduction of new technological advanced innovations and methods during the Market Revolution1700 Words   |  7 Pagesdeceived and moved from their motherland to work in unfavorable industries with prostitution as the most common jobs for these women. With the incessant growth of the prostitution, the act of participating in promiscuous copulation especially for money, theres an outgoing debate on whether prostitution should be legalized or illegalized. However, people fail to foc us on the increasing amount of trafficking and child prostitution aroused by sex tourism. As the world interchanges knowledge, commodities,Read MoreProstitution And Deviance : Examination Of Theories Amongst Positivist And Constructionist Perspectives Within Society1604 Words   |  7 PagesProstitution and Deviance: Examination of Theories Amongst Positivist and Constructionist Perspectives Within Society Deviance is behavior, beliefs or characteristics that many people in a society find or would find offensive and which excite, upon discovery, disapproval, punishment, condemnation, or hostility (Goode, 2011 p. 3). Most scientists will agree that a person s most basic needs, physiologically, are breathing, food, water, sleep, and sex. If all of these are the most basic to humanRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1663 Words   |  7 PagesDecriminalizing prostitution in the United States will be a hazard to the nation. Prostitution has been often called one of the oldest jobs in the world. However, it has been illegal in nearly all societies throughout history. Currently, there have been various countries where prostitution has been legalized by the government, allowing people over eighteen year olds to work as prostitutes legally. Nonetheless, those countries have had several negative effects following the legalization of prostitution. NeverthelessRead MoreDiscussing The Leg alization Of Prostitution1604 Words   |  7 Pages3561 04/19/2015 Discussing the Legalization of Prostitution To better discuss the legalization of prostitution there’s a need to know its definition. Legalization of prostitution is where prostitution becomes controlled by the government and becomes legal under specific conditions. Legalization may include prostitution-specific controls chosen by the state, which could include licensing, registration, and mandatory regular health checks ups. Prostitution has been legalized in Netherlands, Germany,Read MoreProstitution Can Benefit Society : The Legalization Of Prostitution950 Words   |  4 Pages Scroggs 1 Lydia Scroggs Professor Johnson English 101-44 October 24, 2017 Prostitution Can Benefit Society The legalization of prostitution has been a debatable topic over the years. There are differing viewpoints on the reasons for legalizing prostitution as well as the causes of legalizing prostitution. In the majority of the world today, there is a high level of demand for prostitutes as well as the services they render. BecauseRead MoreGender Inequality Within The Criminal Justice System974 Words   |  4 Pageshave developed theories as to why females commit crime dating back to 1895. One more recent theory of crime is Sampson and Laub’s life course theory. This theory argues that the events that occur during one’s life (from birth to death) can have an effect on one’s actions and, in turn, their criminal involvement (Mallicoat, 2015). Applying life course theory to crime helps to explain the gender gap in offending due to the fact that men and women’s life experiences are different as well as the fact

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Video Analaysis Social and Commercial Entrepreneurship

Question: Discuss about the Video Analaysis for Social and Commercial Entrepreneurship. Answer: Business Model Innovation This video is about the business model innovation. It is important to mention that the innovation is limited not only to the technological side of the business but also to the functional or the operational side of the business. It would be correct to say that the innovation is the key factor to develop the competitive advantage (Grissemann Plank, 2013). Typically, the competitive advantage is developed in one of the two ways, either by creating the unmatched customer value or by reducing the cost (Nguyen, 2011). In the current business environment, innovation is much more than creating a new idea, creating a new technology or heavy research and development. In most of the cases, innovation is all about the learning from existing business models and re-inventing the business model (Wang, 2013). There is a structured process of innovation that the organizations should use. The first step of the innovation process is initiation followed by ideation, integration and implementation. It i s recommended that the organizations should analyze their business models before making any change. One the business model is analyze, the organizations should apply the 55 innovation patterns and check for the consistency. Based on the 55 innovation patterns, the organizations should identify the best innovation pattern for them. The organizations should take a careful approach while implementing the business model of innovation. The leaders and managers should keep the critical success factors and pitfalls in mind. The 90% of the changes fails in the organization due to lack of support from employees (Ortlieb, 2015). Therefore, it is recommended that the leaders and managers should discuss the drivers of change with employees. It is also important that the organizations should take the approvals from project sponsors and senior management. The idea or the concept of business model innovation could be applied to the established organization like Intel that wants to enter in the smart phone manufacturing business (Schreiber, 2015). It is important that the leaders of Intel should learn from the existing business models in the industry. There is no need to start the innovation or business model from scratch (Salmelin, 2013). The mobile phone industry is a developed and matured industry and Intel can learn a lot from the business models of existing companies like Apple and Samsung. It is important that the leaders of Intel should have a structured and systematic method of innovation (Strutton, 2014). The leaders should discuss the idea with different stakeholders of the company and it is important that all the employees of the company must support their leaders. Intel should understand that innovation demands time and the short term KPIs could be ignored in order to have a large gain in place. CAGE Framework (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7FpUJaG7uMk) The video is about the CAGE framework. The CAGE Distance Framework identifies Cultural, Administrative, Geographic and Economic differences or distances between countries that companies should address when crafting international strategies (Tarzian Force, 2013). It may also be used to understand patterns of trade, capital, information, and people flows (Terjesen, 2013). The video explains that the trade is more in the countries that have something in common as compared to the countries that does not have anything in common. The commonalties between the countries could be found on the lines of culture, geography, language, ideas, etc. The CAGE framework helps the organizations to select the countries for expansion. The video explains that there could be different types of distances across different industry verticals. (Rudolf, 2015). For example, the geographic distance, would affects the costs of transportation and therefore, it is of importance to companies dealing in heavy or bulk y products. Another type of difference is the cultural distance that affects consumers product preferences. It is crucial for service based firms, but it is much less important for a cement or steel business (Huang, 2012). With the use of CAGE framework, the organizations in the home country could decide the next country where the organization should expand. For example, an American organization can use this framework to make a choice between Canada and Mexico for expansion. The CAGE framework is a powerful model that could be applied to various organizations. Typically, the CAGE framework is used by multinational organizations that have to operate in multiple geographies (Haynes, 2014). The Australian organization like Qantas Airways can use this framework to make the expansion decision (Santos, 2012). Qantas is a global company with its presence in most of the developed nations. Qantas may have the option to expand its business in New Zealand or Singapore. The use of CAGE framework would help the organization to decide the best alternative between New Zealand and Singapore. With this framework, Qantas can develop a matrix where these countries (New Zealand and Singapore) would be scored on different dimensions. Based on the matrix or the result calculation, the management of Qantas can take the expansion decision (Mickiewicz Stephen, 2013). The CAGE framework should be applied in a systematic and structured manner. The first step for Qantas would be t o determine or identify the countries for which this framework should be applied. It is important that the distinction should not be made for more than five or six countries, otherwise it could be a very complex process (Gordon, 2012). Once the countries are identified, the management and leaders of Qantas should gather the industry data, statistics and knowledge to give score to these countries across different parameters and dimensions (Baregheh Rowley, 2009). The organization can also consult the outside specialists and consults to give scores on these dimensions. References Baregheh, A., Rowley, J. Sambrook, S. (2009) Towards a multidisciplinary definition of innovation,Management Decision, 47 (8), pp.1323-1339. Davari, A., Strutton, D. (2014). Marketing mix strategies for closing the gap between green consumers' pro-environmental beliefs and behaviors.Journal of Strategic Marketing, (ahead-of-print), 1-24. Estrin, S., Mickiewicz, T., Stephan, U. (2013). Entrepreneurship, social capital, and institutions: Social and commercial entrepreneurship across nations.Entrepreneurship theory and practice,37(3), 479-504. Grissemann, U., Plank, A., Brunner-Sperdin, A. (2013). Enhancing business performance of hotels: The role of innovation and customer orientation. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 33, 347-356. Gordon, R. (2012). Re-thinking and re-tooling the social marketing mix. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ),20(2), 122-126 Gu, Q., Wang, G. G., Wang, L. (2013). Social capital and innovation in RD teams: the mediating roles of psychological safety and learning from mistakes.RD Management,43(2), 89-102. Huang, R., Sarigll, E. (2012). How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix.Journal of Business Research,65(1), 92-99. Lepoutre, J., Justo, R., Terjesen, S., Bosma, N. (2013). Designing a global standardized methodology for measuring social entrepreneurship activity: the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor social entrepreneurship study.Small Business Economics,40(3), 693-714. Nguyen, T. D., Nguyen, T. T. (2011). An examination of selected marketing mix elements and brand relationship quality in transition economies: Evidence from Vietnam.Journal of Relationship Marketing,10(1), 43-56. Rudolf, S., Ortlieb, C., Tnnes, C., Schuh, G. (2015). Discovering product innovation potential within existing product architectures.Applied Mechanics Materials,794. Salmelin, B. (2013). The Horizon 2020 framework and Open Innovation Ecosystems.Journal of Innovation Management,1(2), 4-9. Santos, F. M. (2012). A positive theory of social entrepreneurship.Journal of business ethics,111(3), 335-351. Tarzian, A. J., Force, A. C. C. U. T. (2013). Health care ethics consultation: An update on core competencies and emerging standards from the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities Core Competencies Update Task Force.The American Journal of Bioethics,13(2), 3-13. Schreiber, U. 2015. Megatrends 2015: making sense of a world in motion. Ernst Young. pp. 1- 56 Qian, H. Haynes, K.E. (2014) Beyond innovation: the small business innovation research program as entrepreneurship policy,Journal of Technology Transfer, 39 (4), pp.524-543.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Thirty Years War and Louis Xiv Essay Example

Thirty Years War and Louis Xiv Paper 3 RISE OF NATION STATES _____1. The end of the Hundred Years War encouraged the growth of centralized government in France for all of the following reasons EXCEPT (A) the nobility had been weakened by the war (B) the monarchy had led the fight against the English (C) the revival of commerce increased the taxable revenues of the bourgeoisie (D) nobles were recruited to serve as government administrators (E) the king was able to keep a strong standing army _____2. Francis I further consolidated centralized power by levying the taille, a tax on: A) all land and property (B) on peasant crops (C) on the Gallic Churchs income (D) on the landholdings of the nobility (E) on imports _____3. When Henry IV remarked, Paris is well worth a Mass, he was referring to (A) his prayers for the fall of the city during his siege of it (B) his expected visit during the Easter season (C) his conversion to Catholicism to gain popular favor (D) his conversion to Calvinism to gain support of the Huguenots (E ) his visit with the pope to gain absolution _____4. The Edict of Nantes, issued by Henry IV in 1598, was one of most significant acts of his reign because of all the following reasons EXCEPT (A) it was one of the first gvernmenta1 guarantees of religious freedom in Europe (B) it granted Huguenots civil and political equality with Catholics (C) it continued the bitter civil war between Catholic and Protestant (D) it brought peace to France (E) it granted Huguenots political control of many towns in France _____5. Probably the most important step Cardinal Richelieu took to strengthen centralized government and an absolutist monarchy in France was A) to involve France in the Thirty Years War (B) to institute the intendant system to oversee the provinces (C) to levy taxes on the clergy and nobility (D) to suppress the musketeers (E) to ban private duels within the realm _____6. When Louis XIV said Letat, cest moi, he was referring to (A) his role as an enlightened despot with the peoples best interests in mind (B) his assumption of the ro le of his own prime minister upon the death of Mazarin (C) his title as Sun King (D) his resistance to the Frondeurs (E) his belief in the divine right of kings ____7. All of the following accurately describe the reign of Louis XIV EXCEPT (A) he dominated the French or Gallican Church (B) he took away the independent authority of the nobility (C) he filled his government with bourgeois advisors (D) he impoverished the national treasury by building the Palace at Versailles (E) the Golden Age of French culture coincided with his reign _____8. Why, if during the reign of Louis French was the universal language and French styles were the measure of good taste, was the French army called the Huns of the 17th century? A) It relied primarily on cavalry tactics. (B) It recruited troops from the Russian steppes. (C) Large, modern, and aggressive, it upset the continents balance of power. (D) Its top commandersTurenne, Vauban, and Condehad trained under Attila. (E) It was the first European a rmy to include integral artillery. _____9. During the 16th and 17th centuries, while France developed absolutism, the English monarchy was checked by (A) a strong peasantry (B) a few powerful and independent noble families (C) a Bill of Rights guaranteeing individual freedoms (D) the Anglican Church E) strong Parliament _____10. That England developed a constitutional government can be explained by all of the following EXCEPT (A) the English kings rejected the divine right theory (B) the Tudor monarchs, lacking a legitimate claim to the throne, had to cooperate with Parliament (C) the English gentry blurred the sharp class distinctions between the nobility and middle classes that existed elsewhere in Europe (D) revolution strengthened the role of Parliament (E) a tradition of individual rights served as a basis for constitutionalism _____11. We will write a custom essay sample on Thirty Years War and Louis Xiv specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Thirty Years War and Louis Xiv specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Thirty Years War and Louis Xiv specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer That the Anglican Church broke from Rome before altering Roman Catholic dogma indicates that: (A) Henry started the English Reformation because he couldnt get a divorce sanctioned by the pope (B) Henrys lust for Anne Boleyn motivated him to reject his devout Catholicism (C) because Henry was eager to have a male heir, he urged Parliament to pass the Act of Supremacy (D) Thomas Cranmer issued the divorce that precipitated the Reformation in return for his appointment as Archbishop of Canterbury (E) many factors, including resentment of papal abuses, contributed to the English Reformation ____12. Which of the following was NOT a significant accomplishment during the reign of Elizabeth I? (A) The Thirty-Nine Articles completed the English Reformation (B) Her foreign policy encouraged the independence of the Netherlands, a commercial and colonial rival of Spain. (C) She weakened the power of Spain, bastion of Catholic orthodoxy. (D) She satisfied the Puritans who had criticized the Angli can lithurgy as too close to Catholicism. (E) She encouraged nationalism and the development of a unique culture. _____13. Probably the most significant long-term result of the Puritan Revolution (1643-1660) was A) the restoration of the Stuarts to the throne (B) the issuance of the Petition of Right (C) the increased authority of Parliament (D) the vindication of the divine right of the monarchy (E) the recognition of Calvinism as Englands official religion _____14. Which of the following is NOT a provision of the Declaration of Rights, 1689? (A) Only Parliament can levy taxes. (B) The king may maintain a standing army without the consent of Parliament. (C) All laws must be made with the consent of Parliament. (D) The right of trial by jury is guaranteed. E) Due process of law is guaranteed. _____15. William and Marys ascension to the English throne in 1689 (A) restricted the right of Parliament to raise taxes (B) nullified the Declaration of Rights (C) was founded on the divine-ri ght theory (D) indicated the supremacy of Parliament E) restored the Tudor dynasty _____16. Which of the following is NOT true of the Glorious Revolution of 1689? (A) It established, once and for all, the right of Parliament to levy taxes. (B) It established that the monarchy and Parliament ruled England together. C) It reflected the theories of government of Thomas Hobbes, (D) It was supported by the theories of John Locke. (E) It marked the supremacy of constitutionalism in England. _____17. An important accomplishment of the Treaty of Utrecht (1713-1714) was (A) that it allowed a Bourbon monarch to rule both Spain and France (B) it established a French empire in North America (C) it set up an independent and unified Netherlands (D) it ousted the Austrians from Italy (E) it helped restore the balance of power on the continent _____18. The Massacre of St. Bartholomews Day in 1572: A) marked the renewal of religious civil war in France (B) resulted in the slaughter of Catholic leade rs (C) marked the end of Protestantism in France (D) restored religious toleration in France (E) was perpetrated by Huguenot mobs _____19. During the 16th century, which dynasts ruled a dominion that stretched from the Atlantic to Eastern Europe, from the Baltic to the Mediterranean? (A) Valois (B) Hohenzollern (C) Bourbon (D) Tudor (E) Hapsburg _____20. All of the following are accurate depictions of the Thirty Years War (1618-1648) EXCEPT (A) it was fought mostly in Germany (B) it involved the major states of Europe C) it was a religious struggle between Protestants and Catholics (D) it was a political struggle between the German Princes and the Holy Roman Empire (E) it allied the French with the Austrian Hapsburgs _____21. Choose the correct chronology. (A) Peace of Augsburg, Thirty Years War, Peace of Westphalia (B) Thirty Years War, The Reign of Charles V as Holy Roman Emperor, Peace of Westphalia (C) Ministry of Cardinal Richelieu. Diet of Worms, Thirty Years War. (D) Reign of Louis XIV, Council of Trent, regency of Mazarin (E) Regency of Mazarin, Treaty of Utrecht, Thirty Years War ____22. Philip II of Spain (1556-1598) (A) championed religious toleration of Spanish Jews and Moslems (B) granted independence to the Spanish Netherlands (C) abolished the Alcabala, a 10 percent tax on all sales that inhibited commerce (D) dedicated his reign to establishing Catholic orthodoxy (E) was defeated by the Turks at Lepanto _____23. The 17th century witnessed the rise in Central and Eastern Europe of two states: A) Austria and Prussia B) Poland and Austria C) Prussia and Russia D) Poland and Prussia E) Russia and Poland _____24. That Prussia has been called a state built around an army, meaning that (A) the kings were recruited from the High Command (B) in a nation of separate states, the army was a unifying force (C) the Junkers were militarists (D) the army ruled the monarchy (E) universal conscription was the rule [pic] _____25. The above map shows acquisitions of Peter the Great from 1682 to 1715. The territories were gained from (A) Poland, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire (B) Prussia, Austria, and Poland (C) Poland, Prussia, and the Ottoman Empire (D) Sweden, the Ottoman Empire, and Austria E) Prussia, Poland, Sweden _____26. Which of the following explorers, sailing under the flag of Portugal, reached the west coast of India in 1498 after rounding the Cape of Good Hope and crossing the Indian Ocean? (A) John Cabot (B) Vasco da Gama (C) Bartolomeu Dias (D) Amerigo Vespucci (E) Ferdinand Magellan _____27. Which of the following was an important consequence of the Glorious Revolution of 1688-1689? (A) Limi ts were put on the power of the English monarchy. (B) The franchise was expanded to members of the lower classes. (C) French influence in England was expanded. D) Roman Catholicism was reintroduced into England. (E) England gained control of Spanish colonial possessions in the New World. [pic] _____28. The Russian woodcut above (about 1698) symbolizes Peter the Great’s (A) victory over the Swedes in the Great Northern War (B) elimination of the Cossacks as a political force within Russia (C) imposition of Western values on the Russian nobility (D) initiation of the partition of Poland (E) struggle with his son, Alexis, for control of Russia _____29. Ferdinand and Isabella supported the expulsion or conversion of Muslims and Jews in Spain because A) Ferdinand and Isabella were hostile to religious faiths other than Christianity (B) Ferdinand and Isabella feared that if they did nothing many Christians would leave Spain C) Spanish Muslims and Jews were believed to hinder the ec onomic development of Spain (D) Spanish Muslims and Jews outnumbered Christians in most large cities in the kingdom (E) Spanish Muslims and Jews were protected by foreign powers hostile to Spain _____30. The leadership of the Dutch revolts (1566-1648) sought all of the following EXCEPT (A) an alliance with the English Catholics B) the end of the Inquisition C) the end of excessive taxation (D) the elimination of the rule of foreign officials (E) an alliance with French Protestants _____31. The long-term effect of the Thirty Years War on the German states was to (A) restrict Lutheranism to southern German states (B) initiate a long era of peace and rapid economic recovery (C) encourage unification (D) devastate the German states economies (E) increase the power of the Holy Roman Emperor _____32. The system of intendants was established in seventeenth-century France primarily to (A) empower the French nobility (B) implement royal policies locally C) make the peasantry return to the la nd (D) collect taxes from the towns (E) improve Frances ability to fight foreign wars _____33. The acquisition of which of the following territories during the mid-eighteenth century helped to establish Prussia as a great power? (A) Bohemia (B) Bavaria (C) Brandenburg (D) Silesia (E) Saxony _____34. After Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453, which of the following cities claimed to be the third Rome? (A) Moscow (B) Budapest (C) Madrid (D) Geneva (E) Warsaw _____35. Which of the following was an economic policy of Louis XIVs finance minister, Jean-Baptiste Colbert? A) Raising money through internal tariffs B) Encouraging international competition through lower tariffs and free-trade policies C) Establishing detailed manufacturing codes to improve the quality of French export goods D) Opening Frances colonies to foreign merchants and trade E) Reducing military spending _____36. In seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Prussia, the Junkers supported the monarchy and served in the army in return for (A) the right to sell their lands (B) control of an independent national parliament (C) toleration of their religious diversity (D) exemption from all taxes E) virtually absolute power over their serfs [pic] _____37. The shaded areas on the map of early eighteenth- century France shown above represent (A) lands controlled by peasants revolting against feudal obligations (B) territorial acquisitions during the reign of Louis XIV (C) land controlled by foreign rulers within the kingdom of France (D) Huguenot strongholds that still existed after the revocat ion of the Edict of Nantes (E) former Spanish territories on the border of France _____38. King Louis XIV of France provides perhaps the best example of the form of government known as (A) despotism. B) absolutism (C) constitutional monarchy. (D) fascism. (E) representative democracy. _____39. The Glorious Revolution (1688-1689) was significant because (A) William and Mary led a successful revolt among the English peasants. (B) it reinstated the idea of the divine right of kings. (C) the Parliament was suppressed by royal authority. (D) of the excessive violence necessary to succeed in its attempt to overthrow the king. (E) the idea of divine right was destroyed, and one monarch was replaced by another with minimal bloodshed. _____40. The phrase I am the state best characterizes the reign of (A) William and Mary B) Louis XIV (C) Victor Emmanuel III (D) Otto von Bismarck (E) Helmut Kohl _____41. The English Star Chamber was (A) the first astronomers observatory of the Scientific Revo lution (B) a court designed to end the influence of powerful nobles on the English courts (C) a room for the torture of Protestants under the control of Bloody Mary Tudor (D) the room designated for the trial of those suspected of witchcraft (E) established to increase the power of the English nobility. _____42. The Peace of Utrecht (1713-1714) (A) established the dominance of France after the War of the Spanish Succession. B) laid the foundations for the French dominance of Europe during the eighteenth century. (C) established a balance of power in Europe and ended French dominance. (D) established Catholicism as the one true religion in the Nether lands. (E) greatly reduced the holdings of Great Britain in North America. _____43. In the mid-eighteenth century; the leading banking center of Europe was (A) Florence. (B) Milan. (C) Amsterdam. (D) Vienna. (E) Prague. _____44. The family that ruled Russia from the 1600s until 1917 was the (A) Muscovites. (B) Hohenzollerns. (C) Romanovs . (D) Brezhnevs. (E) Habsburgs. ____45. The Hohenzollerns were (A) representatives in the Reichstag. (B) representatives in the duma. (C) rulers of Prussia known for their social fairness and economic freedoms. (D) rulers of Prussia known for their weak military and poor administration. (E) rulers of Prussia characterized by military strength and discipline. _____46. All of the following were reforms of Peter the Great EXCEPT (A) secularization of the Russian church. (B) replacement of the government ministers with bureaus to more effectively manage taxes and economic affairs. (C) establishment of new industries in Russia. D) the elimination of all Western ideas and influences in Russia. (E) the subordination of the boyars. _____47. The English Game Laws were examples of (A) legislation designed to reduce the economic burden of the peasantry. (B) laws that enabled Parliament to produce revenue by charging the peasants for hunting licenses. (C) legislation that banned medieval tourna ments. (D) legislation that allowed hunting on the kings land only in order to feed families and not for profit. (E) class legislation that benefited only the gentry. _____48. The last great outbreak of which of the following diseases took place in France in 1720? A) Smallpox (B) Dysentery (C) Bubonic plague (D) Influenza (E) Typhus _____49. The revolt in the Netherlands was largely inspired by (A) an economy that was mired in recession. (B) English support for the Dutch rebels. (C) strict language laws imposed by the Spanish that blocked the use of Dutch for official correspondence. (D) the failure of the Netherlands and Spain to agree on how best to use the wealth created from the vast Spanish overseas empire. (E) economic, political, and religious tensions in the relations between the Netherlands and Spain. _____50. James I agreed to a new translation of the Bible in his one concession to the (A) Catholics. (B) Puritans. (C) Levellers. (D) House of Commons. (E) Arminians. _____51. The majority of victims of the European witch craze were (A) Protestants. (B) children. (C) women. (D) Catholics. (E) men. _____52. Sweden emerged as a powerful European nation in the seventeenth and early eighteenth century until (A) economic and population decline forced the Swedes to implement a more realistic policy concerning foreign conquest. (B) their defeat by the Russians at the Battle of Polotova. C) the Swedish nobility demanded that their monarchs focus on domestic affairs. (D) the Swedish peasantry refused to either serve in the military or pay the high taxes that were necessary owing to constant warfare. (E) their defeat by the Prussians at the Battle of Narva. _____53. The Restoration of Charles II to the throne in1660 indicates that many Englishmen (A) hoped that Calvinism would remain a viable part of English religious life. (B) were unsympathetic to the ideas of John Locke. (C) had never chosen sides in the struggle between king and parliament. (D) had a deep affection for the Stuart dynasty. E) were tired of what they perceived to be the anarchism of the English Republic. _____54. During the English Revolution the Levellers advocated the idea that (A) all private property should be abolished. (B) the economic playing field needed to be leveled to allow for greater opportunities for the poor. (C) the monarchy had to be restored. (D) all men should have the vote regardless of whether they own property. (E) there was a contract between the government and the people. _____55. Spanish decline by the end of the seventeenth century was primarily caused by (A) religious zealotry. B) royal incompetence. (C) too many foreign military commitments. (D) Ottoman aggression in the Mediterranean. (E) a lack of adequate revenue. _____56. Louis XIV built his great palace of Versailles for all of the following reasons EXCEPT (A) to control the aristocracy. (B) to show on a grand scale the wealth and power of the French monarchy. (C) to rule outside the confines of Paris. (D) to make it a center of French culture. (E) to allow for better communications with his people. _____57. The loss of significant colonial possessions in the Seven Years War played a role in Frances decision to A) impose a mercantilistic system on its remaining colonies. (B) aid the American colonies in their struggle with the British. (C) focus its attention on continental affairs. (D) ally itself with the Austrians to counter the British. (E) join with Prussia and Russia in an anti-British alliance. _____58. The appointment of Lord Bute in 1761 as chief minister to George III (A) solidified Georges hold over the House of Commons. (B) seemed to violate the idea that the king should select ministers who had a power base in parliament. (C) came when the king was suffering from a bout of insanity. D) direct ly caused the American Revolution. (E) was quickly followed by political stability throughout the following decade. _____59. The expansion of Austrian Habsburg lands in the late seventeenth century resulted primarily from (A) victories over the Prussians. (B) victories over the Ottoman Turks (C) a series of advantageous treaties. (D) a political vacuum in France. (E) the support of England. _____60. Tsar Peter the Great of Russia forced his nobles to shave their beards because he wanted (A) to be the only one in Russia with facial hair. (B) to tax them for shaving implements. C) his nobles to be prepared for war. (D) them to look like nobles in Western Europe. (E) to prepare them for a more modern constitutional monarchy. _____61. The diet of the average European in 1600 was primarily made up of (A) vegetables. (B) meat. (C) dairy. (D) grains. (E) legumes. _____62. Prussian power in the eighteenth century was primarily based on its (A) strong army. (B) geographic location. (C) well- trained diplomatic corps. (D) military alliance with Great Britain. (E) economic might. There reigneth all abuse, carnal liberty, enormity, sin and Babylonical confusion. Take away kings, princes, rulers, magistrates, judges, and such estates of Gods order, no man shall sleep in his own house or bed unkilled, no man shall keep his wife, children or possessions in quietness, all things shall be common; and there needs must follow all mischief and utter destruction both of souls, good and commonwealth. _____63. This homily, read from a pulpit in Elizabethan England, was primarily an attempt to convince people to (A) attend the services of the Church of England. (B) accept the social hierarchy. (C) accept Elizabeth as their Queen. (D) challenge the status quo. E) guard their family and property. _____64. Carnival was an important social outlet in Early Modern Europe because (A) it liberated people, if only for a short time, from hierarchical society. (B) it was critical to economic growth. (C) it brought religious fervor to a frenzy. (D) it lessened tensions between Catholics and Protestants. (E) it was the only time during the year that townspeople didn t have to work. _____65. The Thirty Years War resulted from all of the following EXCEPT (A) the Counter-Reformation. (B) the growing power of the Habsburgs. (C) Lutheran dissatisfaction with the Peace of Augburg. D) religious conflict in Bohemia. (E) the expansion of Calvinism in the Holy Roman Empire. _____66. The Diggers, a group that emerged during the English Revolution, believed that (A) the monarchy must be based on popular support. (B) England needed to become a theocracy. (C) enclosure laws needed to be enforced. (D) private ownership of land should be abolished. (E) property belonging to supporters of Charles I should be redistributed to the landless. _____67. Oliver Cromwells New Model Army differed from the Cavalier forces under Charles I by (A) its emphasis on cavalry. (B) deemphasizing the role of religion. C) its recruitment of continental mercenaries. (D) providing regular pay for soldiers and for paying for supplies taken from farmers. (E) remaining on the defensive. _____68. In France in the seventeenth century nobles of the sword differed from nobles of the robe in that the former were (A) wealthier. (B) part of the old traditional landed nobility dating back to the Middle Ages. (C) given special privileges in the Estates General. (D) allowed to maintain manorial courts on their estates. (E) banned from engaging in commerce. _____69. The Holy Roman Emperor was a weak title because A) it was an elected monarchy. (B) the Austrian Habsburgs controlled the throne. (C) it was selected by the papacy. (D) France was the power behind the throne. (E) the religious authority of the Emperor was superior to the political. _____70. The time when Parliament ensured that no monarch would ever rule again without Parliaments assistance and guidance was (A) the Supremacy Act. (B) the Long. Parliament. (C) the Short Parliament. (D) the Great Charter. (E) the Glorious Revolution. _____71. Although Cardinal Richelieu and France were both Catholic, Richelieu suppo rted Protestants elsewhere A) because he secretly had converted to Protestantism. (B) because he felt sympathy for the Protestants who had suffered at the hands of Catholics. (C) because he tried to achieve a favorable balance of trade by doing business with Protestants. (D) because he conspired with foreign Protestants to overthrow Louis XIII. (E) because he pursued an anti-Habsburg foreign policy. _____72. Tsar Peter the Great of Russia forced his nobles to shave their beards because he wanted (A) to be the only one in Russia with facial hair. (B) to tax them for shaving implements. (C) his nobles to be prepared for war. D) them to look like nobles in Western Europe. (E) to prepare them for a more modern constitutional monarchy. _____73. At the end of the French Wars of Religion, Henry IV converted from Calvinism to Catholicism because he (A) was threatened with death unless he converted. (B) had genuine differences with Calvinist teachings. (C) wanted to gain control over Paris. (D) had undergone a genuine religious conversion. (E) hoped to gain the support of Catholic Spain. _____74. The revocation of the Edict of Nantes, originally intended to be a political and religious move, eventually turned out to be a military blunder because A) the Catholics rose up against the French government. (B) the Huguenots rose up against the French government. (C) many of the exiled Huguenots joined other militaries and eventually fought against France. (D) England came to the defense of the Huguenots. (E) Spain attacked the French fleet that carried the Huguenots away from France. _____75. In the late seventeenth century, which of the following countries led continental Europe in shipbuilding, navigation, and commerce and banking? (A) France (B) Russia (C) The Netherlands (D) Denmark (E) Spain _____76. Henry IV said, Paris is worth a mass, referring to A) his conversion from Catholicism to Protestantism. (B) his conversion from Protestantism. (C) the issuance of the Edict of Nantes. (D) his revocation of the Edict of Nantes. (E) his baptism at the Notre Dame cathedral in Paris. _____77. All of the following were invented in Western Europe during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries EXCEPT (A) firearms (B) movable printing type (C) the compound microscope (D) the compass (E) the flying shuttle _____78. It was an important confederation of commercial towns in northern Germany with its own laws, diplomats, and flags. Its membership of merchants earned large profits shipping fish, timber, and other resources to areas to the west and to the south. Prosperity declined, however, when trade routes shifted from the Baltic to the Atlantic after 1500. The description above refers to the (A) Confederation of the Rhine (B) Hanseatic League (C) Merchants of the Staple (D) Holy Roman Empire (E) Schmalkaldic League _____79. During the reign of Elizabeth I, Englands main enemy was (A) France. (B) Spain. (C) Germany. (D) Portugal. (E) Scotland. _____80. Which of the following was a primary result of the Glorious Revolution of 1688? A) The establishment of universal male suffrage (B) The restoration of Roman Catholicism to both England and Scotland (C) The limitation of monarchical power (D) The execution of Charles I (E) The triumph of Puritanism _____81. In 1500 the two most powerful autocracies in Eastern Europe were (A) Muscovy and the Ottoman Empire (B) the Ottoman and the Byzantine empires (C) the Byzanti ne Empire and Poland-Lithuania (D) Poland-Lithuania and Hungary (E) Hungary and Kievan Russia _____82. The main reason why Louis XIV (1643-1715) built his palace at Versailles was to (A) tighten his control over the nobility B) strengthen ties with the Huguenots (C) move the kings residence nearer to the center of the country (D) provide thousands of jobs (E) absorb the excess revenue produced by mercantilist tax policies _____83. In the second half of the seventeenth century, which of the following countries dominated European culture, politics, and diplomacy? (A) England (B) The Netherlands (C) Russia (D) France (E) Prussia _____84. Which of the following best characterizes the Western European economy, as a whole, in the sixteenth century? (A) Widespread unemployment (B) Declining trade and commerce (C) Technological breakthroughs in production D) Unrestricted trade among nations (E) Spiraling inflation _____85. After the defeat of King Charles I in the English Civil War and his execution in 1649, England was governed for a decade by (A) a democratic republic with universal suffrage (B) a commonwealth led by Oliver Cromwell and his son (C) a constitutional monarchy under King James II (D) the king of Scotland (E) a parliamentary council dominated by egalitarians _____86. The French monarchy in the seventeenth century sought to expand Frances borders to its natural frontiers by gaining control of A) Schleswig-Holstein B) Milan C) Alsace D) Spain E) Tuscany _____87. In the first half of the seventeenth century, the Austrian Hapsburgs subdued revolt and centralized control in their territories by doing which of the following? (A) Emancipating the peasantry and encouraging agricultural development (B) Allying with the urban middle classes and encouraging commercial development (C) Establishing a national church headed by the Hapsburg emperor and redistributing former church properties (D) Creating a customs union to promote trade and acquiring new territories to supply merchants with raw materials (E) Waging warfare against rebel groups and supporting the Catholic Reformation ____88. Which of the following was a major result of the Thirty Years War (1618-1648)? (A) The long-term strengthening of the Holy Roman Emperors authority (B) The banning of Calvinism in the German states (C) The establishment of strong Russian influence in the northern German states (D) The loss of as much as one-third of the German-speaking population through war, plague, and starvation (E) The encouragement of rapid economic development in many German-speaking cities [pic] _____89. The map above of eighteenth-century Russia suggests which of the following about Russian territory between 1689 and 1796? A) The Ottoman Empire annexed the Crimea. (B) Peter the Great added more territory to Russia than did Catherine the Great. (C) Most Russian expansion took place in the east. (D) Russia ceded territory to Poland in the late eighteenth century. (E) Russia acquired navigable seaports in both the north and the south. [pic] _____90. The Pieter Brueghel painting (circa 1569) shown above depicts the massacre of villagers in (A) the Netherlands by Spanish troops (B) Russia by Ottoman troops (C) Spain by English troops (D) France by Swedish troops E) Hungary by Austrian troops _____91. Under Oliver Cromwell, the government of England most closely resembled (A) a constitutional monarchy. (B) an absolute monarchy. (C) a democracy. (D) an oligarchy. (E) a military dictatorship. [pic] _____92. This statue of Peter the Great is most likely intended (A) to show his great military prowess. (B) to show his enormous physical stature. (C) to intimidate visitors. (D) to symbolize his greatness and his leadership of Russia in a new direction. (E) to commemorate his love of horses. [pic] _____93. The huge increase in Russias population during the eighteenth century can be attributed to natural population increases and (A) the agricultural revolution. (B) the industrial revolution. (C) the use of midwives in childbirth. (D) territorial expansion. (E) the reduction in the number of men who died in wars. [pic] _____94. This illustration most likely depicts (A) the destructive power of, witches. (B) the devastating results of total war. (C) the aftermath of the Great Lisbon Earthquake.. (D) the effects of nuclear warfare. (E) the nuclear disaster at Chernobyl. pic] _____95 . The building in the picture was most likely constructed to (A) honor the gods represented by the statues around the fountain. (B) intimidate and impress foreign dignitaries. (C) provide safety and protection. (D) recreate classical architecture. (E) serve as a public works project that would provide jobs for the unemployed. _____96. Elections for the British House of Commons in the eighteenth century were pri marily limited to those who (A) had significant wealth in either land or other forms of property. (B) were male and older than twenty-one. C) paid taxes equivalent to three days of wages. (D) could prove that in Elizabethan times their ancestors voted. (E) owned significant amounts of land. _____97. Poland disappeared as an independent nation in the eighteenth century due to all of the following reasons EXCEPT (A) Russian, Prussian, and Austrian annexations of Polish territories. (B) the Polish nobility reduced the monarchy to a powerless institution. (C) France refused to intervene on behalf of the Poles. (D) the nation was vulnerable due to its exposed lands without natural borders. E) the Catholic Church was unsympathetic to Polish statehood. [pic] _____98. According to the graph above, which class in sixteenth-century England benefited most from the trends shown? A) Landowners B) Landless laborers C) Household servants D) Merchants (E) Small-scale artisans _____99. In eighteenth -century Europe, the most important imperial rivalries existed among which three of the following? A) Russia, France, and Great Britain B) The German states, the Italian states, and Great Britain C) The German states, the Italian states, and France D) The German states, the Italian states, and Spain E) Spain, France, and Great Britain [pic] _____100. The shaded areas on the map above represent which of the following? (A) Dynastic lands of the Hapsburgs in the sixteenth century (B) Participants in the Thirty Years War in the seventeenth century (C) Protestant regions in the eighteenth century (D) Members of the Holy Alliance in the nineteenth century (E) Members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in the twentieth century pic] _____101. All of the following statements about Europes population in the eighteenth century can be inferred from the graph above EXCEPT: (A) For most of the century, France had the largest population of any European power. (B) The population of Eastern Europe outstripped that of Western Europe in size. (C) Russia experienced the largest increase in rate of population growth. (D) The population of the British Isles grew throughout the century. (E) Rates of population growth increased after 1750.